Politica de extindere a UE a reprezentat un succes uriaș sărbătorit de fiecare membru al Uniunii. Expansiunea continentală a blocului din anii 1990 și 2000 a unit și a stabilizat Europa, a consolidat democrația, a adus o prosperitate extraordinară și i-a conferit Uniunii dimensiunea și amploarea unei puteri globale.
Cu toate acestea, această expansiune rapidă a pus sub presiune și capacitatea UE de a funcționa. Necesitatea unui consens asupra deciziilor mari și a politicii externe, nerespectarea democrației și a statului de drept de către anumiți membri noi și constrângerile învechite asupra autorității UE – cum ar fi în domeniile apărării și politicii fiscale – au determinat țări precum Franța să se opună viitoarelor extinderi.
Ca atare, în ultimul deceniu, extinderea a fost pusă pe pauză, lăsând Balcanii de Vest blocați în exterior. În timp ce UE justifică acest lucru subliniind o lipsă de reformă, țările din Balcanii de Vest observă, pe bună dreptate, că unele dintre ele au făcut progrese reale și au îndeplinit criteriile UE, dar încă nu sunt admise.
Însă războiul de agresiune al Rusiei și dorința fierbinte a Ucrainei de a se alătura Uniunii Europene par să fi repus în funcțiune mecanismul de extindere.
Războiul din Ucraina nu numai că a readus pe ordinea de zi extinderea, ci a și adus în disucție perspectiva reformei tratatelor.
Mai mulți lideri precum premierul italian Mario Draghi, cât și președintele francez Emmanuel Macron au susținut această idee și au insistat asupra unei reforme a mecanismului de extindere UE.
De asemenea în cadrul Conferinței UE privind Viitorul Europei, formată din cetățeni ai UE, s-au prezentat idei sensibile de reformă iar în prezent Parlamentul European a cerut începerea unui proces de reformă a tratatului.
În timp ce Ucraina a primit statutul de candidat la summitul Consiliului European din iunie, Balcanii de Vest nu au primit nimic. Iar recunoașterea lui Macron că procesul de aderare al Ucrainei ar putea dura „câteva decenii”, precum și propunerea acestuia pentru o „Comunitate politică europeană” care să implice membri din afara UE, arată puțină disponibilitate de a lua în considerare măcar extinderea UE așa cum este structurată în prezent.
Astfel, declanșarea unei alte runde de extindere va necesita și o nouă rundă de reformă a tratatului. Cele două sunt legate și trebuie tratate ca atare.
Corelarea celor două creează, de asemenea, un impuls pentru ambele: țările est-europene care se opun reformei tratatelor vor avea stimulente pentru compromis și vor fi supuse presiunii politice de către Ucraina pentru a face acest lucru.
Iar cealaltă parte a oponențiilor extinderii vor obține o Uniune Europeană care funcționează mai bine.
Desigur, unele țări se vor opune ambelor și este nevoie de doar un membru al Uniunii pentru a le bloca. Așadar, acest lucru nu înseamnă doar depășirea Ungariei cu înclinația sa autocratică, dar și o serie de alte țări vor avea preocupări legitime.
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